| WEIGHTS AND MEASURES |
| |
| These and many more conversion factors are available from the National Institute of Standards
and Technology. You may find their NIST Metric Pyramid tool handy (and fun)
as a non-scientic reference. |
| |
| Temperature: In the United States, the Fahrenheit system is used to measure
temperature. |
| 32° Farenheit=0° Centigrade |
| 212° Farenheit=100° Centigrade |
| |
| To convert Fahrenheit to Centigrade: |
To convert Centigrade to Fahrenheit: |
| |
|
| number of degrees Fahrenheit= |
68 |
| subtract 32 |
-32 |
| |
36 |
| |
|
| |
36 |
| multiply by 5 |
x5 |
| |
180 |
| |
|
| |
180 |
| divide by 9 |
÷9 |
| number of degrees Centigrade= |
20 |
|
|
| number of degrees Centigrade= |
20 |
| multiply by 9 |
x9 |
| |
180 |
| |
|
| |
180 |
| divide by 5 |
÷5 |
| |
36 |
| |
|
| |
36 |
| add 32 |
+32 |
| number of degrees Farenheit= |
68 |
|
|
|
| |
| For baking ovens try the following Fahrenheit system equivalents: |
| |
| |
F |
C |
| Very slow |
225 |
107 |
| Slow |
300 |
149 |
| Moderate |
350 |
177 |
| Hot |
425 |
218 |
| Very hot |
450 |
232-260 |
|
| |
| Mass & Weight: In the United States, the standard measures for mass and weight are
the ounce and the pound (abbreviated oz. and lb. respectively). To convert grams to ounces, multiply the number of grams by .03529 (an approximation).
To convert kilos to pounds, multiply the number of kilos by 2.2046. |
| |
| Equivalents |
| |
| 28.335 grams |
= |
1 ounce or oz. |
| 16 ounces |
= |
1 pound or lb. |
| 1
kilo |
= |
2.205
pounds or lbs. |
|
|
| |
Cooking Measurements: Measurements
for recipes in the United States are almost always stated by volume rather than by weight.
- This is true for both liquid ingredients and dry ingredients.
- When a recipe calls for a cup, a teaspoon, or a tablespoon, it means a standard measuring
utensil that may be bought at the local grocery or discount store.
- It does not mean a china coffee cup or teacup from your table, nor a teaspoon
or tablespoon with which you eat.
|
| Abbreviations for volume measures used in cookbooks include: |
| |
| Measure |
Abbreviation |
| gallon |
gal. |
| quart |
qt. |
| pint |
pt. |
| cup |
c. |
| teaspoon |
Tsp.
or t. |
| tablespoon |
Tbsp. or T. |
|
| |
| These volume measurements relate to each other in these equivalents: |
| |
| 1 gallon |
= |
4 quarts |
| 1 quart |
= |
2 pints |
| 1 pint |
= |
2 cups |
| 1 cup |
= |
8 fluid ounces |
| 1 cup |
= |
16 tablespoons |
| 1 tablespoon |
= |
3 teaspoons |
|
|
| |
| Liquid Measurements |
| |
| To convert grams to fluid ounces: |
To convert fluid ounces to grams: |
| |
|
| number of grams= |
78 |
| multiply by… |
x0.035 |
| number of fluid ounces= |
1.925 |
| |
|
| or |
|
| |
|
| number of grams= |
78 |
| divide by… |
÷28.35 |
| number of fluid ounces= |
1.925 |
|
|
| number of fluid ounces= |
2 |
| multiply by… |
x28.35 |
| number of grams= |
56.7 |
| |
|
| or |
|
| |
|
| number of fluid ounces= |
2 |
| divide by… |
÷0.035 |
| number of grams= |
56.7 |
|
|
|
| |
| Equivalents |
| |
| 5
grams or 5 cc |
= |
1 teaspoon |
| 15
grams or 15 cc |
= |
1 tablespoon |
| 30
grams or 30 cc |
= |
2
tablespoons or 1 ounce |
| |
|
|
| 1
cup |
= |
8
oz. |
| 1
pint |
= |
16
oz. |
| 1
quart |
= |
32
oz. |
|
|
| |
| Linear Measure: In the United States, the measures inch, foot, and yard are
used for length and width. Area is referred to as square inches, square feet and square yards. The symbolic 'tick marks' are not actually the same
thing as a single or double quote punctuation mark’which the tick marks do resemble’and are only used to notate length, not for area. |
| |
| Abbreviations and symbols for length measures are: |
| |
| Measure |
Abbreviation |
Symbol |
| inch |
in. |
" |
| foot |
ft. |
' |
| yard |
yd. |
|
|
| |
| These linear measurements relate to each other in these equivalents: |
| |
| 1
yard |
= |
3 feet |
| 1 yard |
= |
36 inches |
| 1 foot |
= |
12 inches |
|
|
| |
| To convert centimeters to inches: |
To convert inches to centimeters: |
| |
|
| number of centimeters= |
78 |
| multiply by… |
x0.3937 |
| number of inches= |
30.7086 |
| |
|
| or |
|
| |
|
| number of centimeters= |
78 |
| divide by… |
÷2.54 |
| number of inches= |
30.786 |
|
|
| number of inches= |
2 |
| multiply by… |
x2.54 |
| number of centimeters= |
5.08 |
| |
|
| or |
|
| |
|
| number of inches= |
2 |
| divide by… |
÷0.3937 |
| number of centimeters= |
5.08 |
|
|
|
| |
| One's own personal height is measured in feet and inches. For instance, a
person might be said to be 5 feet 6 inches tall (or 5' 6"), but is not commonly said to be 66 inches tall (the equivalent expressed in inches
only). |
| |
| To convert centimeters to a personal height: |
To convert a personal height to centimeters: |
| |
|
| personal height=170 cm. |
| |
| Step 1: convert centimeters to inches |
| |
| 170cm.= |
170 |
| multiply by… |
x0.3937 |
| inches= |
66.929" |
| |
| Step 2: convert to personal height |
| a. first find whole feet |
| 66.929"= |
66.929" |
| divide by… |
÷12 |
| feet= |
5.5774' |
| |
| b. then convert partial feet to inches & round
off |
| |
| 0.5774''= |
0.5774' |
| multiply by… |
x12 |
| inches= |
6.9 |
| |
| c. combine the whole feet with the rounded off inches |
| personal height as inches only= |
5' 7" |
|
|
| personal height=5' 6" |
| |
| Step 1: convert to inches only |
| |
| 5'= |
5' |
| multiply by… |
x12 |
| inches= |
60" |
| |
| |
60" |
| add the remaining inches |
+6" |
| personal height as inches only= |
66" |
| |
| Step 2: convert inches to centimeters |
| |
| |
66" |
| multiply by… |
x2.54 |
| height as centimeters= |
167.64 |
|
|
| Or, better yet, purchase an inexpensive yard stick. |
|
| |
| Here is a conversion factor list for your convenience: |
| |
| 2.54cm. |
= |
1 inch |
| 30.48cm. |
= |
1 foot |
| 91.44cm. |
= |
3 feet or 1 yard |
| 1 meter |
= |
39.37 inches or
3.281 feet or
1.093 yard |
|
|
| |
| Long distance is measured by the mile. |
| 1609.3 meters |
= |
1 mile |
| 1.609 kilometers |
= |
1 mile |
| 1 kilometer |
= |
5/8 mile |
| 1 kilometer |
= |
0.621 mile |
|
|
